期刊
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
卷 11, 期 8, 页码 988-U174出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1911
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- La Ligue Contre le Cancer
- INCa
- The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
- Villum Kann Rasmussen Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
Telomeres protect chromosome ends from fusion and degradation(1). In the absence of a specific telomere elongation mechanism, their DNA shortens progressively with every round of replication, leading to replicative senescence(2). Here, we show that telomerase-deficient cells bearing a single, very short telomere senesce earlier, demonstrating that the length of the shortest telomere is a major determinant of the onset of senescence. We further show that Mec1p-ATR specifically recognizes the single, very short telomere causing the accelerated senescence. Strikingly, before entering senescence, cells divide for several generations despite complete erosion of their shortened telomeres. This pre-senescence growth requires RAD52 (radiation sensitive) and MMS1 (methyl methane sulfonate sensitive), and there is no evidence for major intertelomeric recombination. We propose that, in the absence of telomerase, a very short telomere is first maintained in a pre-signalling state by a RAD52-MMS1-dependent pathway and then switches to a signalling state leading to senescence through a Mec1p-dependent checkpoint.
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