期刊
NATURE
卷 554, 期 7691, 页码 234-+出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nature25485
关键词
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资金
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2014CB954100]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31590822]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences International Institution Development Program [SAJC201613]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- US National Science Foundation Dimensions Collaboration Project [31461123001]
- US National Science Foundation [DEB-1207915, DEB-1208428, ABI DBI-1458466, DBI-1458640, EF-1115210, DBI-1547229, DEB-1442280]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1542841] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
High species diversity may result from recent rapid speciation in a 'cradle' and/or the gradual accumulation and preservation of species over time in a 'museum'(1,2). China harbours nearly 10% of angiosperm species worldwide and has long been considered as both a museum, owing to the presence of many species with hypothesized ancient origins(3,4), and a cradle, as many lineages have originated as recent topographic changes and climatic shifts-such as the formation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the development of the monsoon-provided new habitats that promoted remarkable radiation(5). However, no detailed phylogenetic study has addressed when and how the major components of the Chinese angiosperm flora assembled to form the present-day vegetation. Here we investigate the spatio-temporal divergence patterns of the Chinese flora using a dated phylogeny of 92% of the angiosperm genera for the region, a nearly complete species-level tree comprising 26,978 species and detailed spatial distribution data. We found that 66% of the angiosperm genera in China did not originate until early in the Miocene epoch (23 million years ago (Mya)). The flora of eastern China bears a signature of older divergence (mean divergence times of 22.04-25.39 Mya), phylogenetic overdispersion (spatial co-occurrence of distant relatives) and higher phylogenetic diversity. In western China, the flora shows more recent divergence (mean divergence times of 15.29-18.86 Mya), pronounced phylogenetic clustering (co-occurrence of close relatives) and lower phylogenetic diversity. Analyses of species-level phylogenetic diversity using simulated branch lengths yielded results similar to genus-level patterns. Our analyses indicate that eastern China represents a floristic museum, and western China an evolutionary cradle, for herbaceous genera; eastern China has served as both a museum and a cradle for woody genera. These results identify areas of high species richness and phylogenetic diversity, and provide a foundation on which to build conservation efforts in China.
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