期刊
NATURE
卷 488, 期 7413, 页码 603-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature11340
关键词
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资金
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- US Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- US Army Research Office
- AMOS programme within the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy
Light-matter interactions are ubiquitous, and underpin a wide range of basic research fields and applied technologies. Although optical interactions have been intensively studied, their microscopic details are often poorly understood and have so far not been directly measurable. X-ray and optical wave mixing was proposed nearly half a century ago as an atomic-scale probe of optical interactions but has not yet been observed owing to a lack of sufficiently intense X-ray sources. Here we use an X-ray laser to demonstrate X-ray and optical sum-frequency generation. The underlying nonlinearity is a reciprocal-space probe of the optically induced charges and associated microscopic fields that arise in an illuminated material. To within the experimental errors, the measured efficiency is consistent with first-principles calculations of microscopic optical polarization in diamond. The ability to probe optical interactions on the atomic scale offers new opportunities in both basic and applied areas of science.
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