期刊
NATURE
卷 487, 期 7406, 页码 254-U1511出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature11171
关键词
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资金
- Medical Research Council (MRC) [U117588498, U117597141, U117581331, U117597137]
- NIH [HD60858]
- Robert J. Kleberg Jr and Helen C. Kleberg Foundation
- New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, Possum Biocontrol [C10X0501]
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [1010453]
- NIDDK (NIH)
- Medical Research Council [MC_U117597137, MC_U117597141] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MC_U117597141, MC_U117597137] Funding Source: UKRI
In female (XX) mammals, one of the two X chromosomes is inactivated to ensure an equal dose of X-linked genes with males (XY)(1). X-chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals is mediated by the non-coding RNA Xist(2). Xist is not found in metatherians(3) (marsupials), and how X-chromosome inactivation is initiated in these mammals has been the subject of speculation for decades(4). Using the marsupial Monodelphis domestica, here we identify Rsx (RNA-on-the-silent X), an RNA that has properties consistent with a role in X-chromosome inactivation. Rsx is a large, repeat-rich RNA that is expressed only in females and is transcribed from, and coats, the inactive X chromosome. In female germ cells, in which both X chromosomes are active, Rsx is silenced, linking Rsx expression to X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation. Integration of an Rsx transgene on an autosome in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to gene silencing in cis. Our findings permit comparative studies of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals and pose questions about the mechanisms by which X-chromosome inactivation is achieved in eutherians.
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