期刊
NATURE
卷 470, 期 7333, 页码 269-+出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature09677
关键词
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资金
- Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- Helen Hay Whitney Foundation
- Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science (NCI) [U01-CA84313]
- DF/HCC SPORE in Prostate Cancer [P50 CA090381-08]
- National Cancer Institute [RO1CA131945, P50 CA90381, RO1 5R01CA136578, R01CA141298]
- Linda and Arthur Gelb Center for Translational Research
- Prostate Cancer Foundation
Effective clinical management of prostate cancer (PCA) has been challenged by significant intratumoural heterogeneity on the genomic and pathological levels and limited understanding of the genetic elements governing disease progression(1). Here, we exploited the experimental merits of the mouse to test the hypothesis that pathways constraining progression might be activated in indolent Pten-null mouse prostate tumours and that inactivation of such progression barriers in mice would engender a metastasis-prone condition. Comparative transcriptomic and canonical pathway analyses, followed by biochemical confirmation, of normal prostate epithelium versus poorly progressive Pten-null prostate cancers revealed robust activation of the TGF beta/BMP-SMAD4 signalling axis. The functional relevance of SMAD4 was further supported by emergence of invasive, metastatic and lethal prostate cancers with 100% penetrance upon genetic deletion of Smad4 in the Pten-null mouse prostate. Pathological and molecular analysis as well as transcriptomic knowledge-based pathway profiling of emerging tumours identified cell proliferation and invasion as two cardinal tumour biological features in the metastatic Smad4/Pten-null PCA model. Follow-on pathological and functional assessment confirmed cyclin D1 and SPP1 as key mediators of these biological processes, which together with PTEN and SMAD4, form a four-gene signature that is prognostic of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biochemical recurrence and lethal metastasis in human PCA. This model-informed progression analysis, together with genetic, functional and translational studies, establishes SMAD4 as a key regulator of PCA progression in mice and humans.
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