期刊
NATURE
卷 476, 期 7361, 页码 421-424出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/nature10374
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资金
- NASA (US)
- NSF (US)
- DOE (US)
- UK Space Agency
- ASI (Italy)
- INAF (Italy)
- INFN (Italy)
- Autonomous Region of Sardinia
- MEXT (Japan)
- KEK (Japan)
- JAXA (Japan)
- CRI/NRF/MEST (Korea)
- NSC (Taiwan)
- Academia Sinica (Taiwan)
- CEA/Irfu (France)
- IN2P3/CNRS (France)
- CNES (France)
- K. A. Wallenberg Foundation (Sweden)
- Swedish Research Council (Sweden)
- National Space Board (Sweden)
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences [0908362] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [757155] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- UK Space Agency [ST/J000841/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [21340043] Funding Source: KAKEN
Supermassive black holes have powerful gravitational fields with strong gradients that can destroy stars that get too close(1,2), producing a bright flare in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions from stellar debris that forms an accretion disk around the black hole(3-7). The aftermath of this process may have been seen several times over the past two decades in the form of sparsely sampled, slowly fading emission from distant galaxies(8-14), but the onset of the stellar disruption event has not hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of a bright X-ray flare from the extragalactic transient Swift J164449.3+573451. This source increased in brightness in the X-ray band by a factor of at least 10,000 since 1990 and by a factor of at least 100 since early 2010. We conclude that we have captured the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. A companion paper(15) comes to similar conclusions on the basis of radio observations. This event is probably due to the tidal disruption of a star falling into a supermassive black hole, but the detailed behaviour differs from current theoretical models of such events.
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