期刊
NATURE
卷 460, 期 7258, 页码 990-994出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nature08278
关键词
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资金
- United States National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
- Max Planck Society
- State of Niedersachsen/Germany [GEO600]
- Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Australian Research Council
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare of Italy
- Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia
- Conselleria d'Economia Hisenda i Innovacio of the Govern de les Illes Balears
- Royal Society
- Scottish Funding Council
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
- The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Carnegie Trust
- Leverhulme Trust
- David and Lucile Packard Foundation
- Research Corporation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [0855679, 758036] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Physics [855313, 0757058] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/E001203/1, ST/G504284/1, PP/F001118/1, PP/F00110X/1, ST/F01032X/1, PP/F001096/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/F01032X/1, PP/F00110X/1, PP/F001096/1, PP/E001203/1, PP/F001118/1, ST/G504284/1] Funding Source: UKRI
A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It should carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in the evolution of the Universe, inaccessible to standard astrophysical observations(1). Direct measurements of the amplitude of this background are therefore of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of the Universe when it was younger than one minute. Here we report limits on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from a two-year science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory(2) (LIGO). Our result constrains the energy density of the stochastic gravitational-wave background normalized by the critical energy density of the Universe, in the frequency band around 100 Hz, to be <6.9 X 10(-6) at 95% confidence. The data rule out models of early Universe evolution with relatively large equation-of-state parameter(3), as well as cosmic (super) string models with relatively small string tension(4) that are favoured in some string theory models(5). This search for the stochastic background improves on the indirect limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis(1,6) and cosmic microwave background(7) at 100Hz.
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