Integrin-targeting thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for combined cancer imaging and drug delivery

We report multifunctional nanoparticles that are capable of cancer targeting and simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy. The nanoparticles are composed of cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptide ligand bioconjugated thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION) that enable loading of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). The cyclic RGD-conjugated TCL-SPION (cRGD_TCL-SPION) had a mean hydrodynamic size of 34 +/- 8 nm with approximately 0.39 wt% of cyclic RGD attached to the surface of the nanoparticles. The cRGD_TCL-SPION exhibited preferential binding towards target cancer cells (U87MG, integrin alpha(v)beta(3)+) when analyzed by T(2)- weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. When Dox was loaded onto the polymeric coating layers of cRGD_TCL-SPION via ionic interaction, the resulting Dox-loaded cRGD TCL-SPION (Dox@cRGD_TCL-SPION) showed much higher cytotoxicity in U87MG cells than Dox@TCL-SPION lacking cRGD (IC(50) value of 0.02 mu M versus 0.12 mu M). These results suggest that Dox@cRGD_TCL-SPION has potential for use as an integrin-targeted, combined imaging and therapeutic agent.