Small-sized silicon nanoparticles: new nanolights and nanocatalysts

Owing to their abundant unique properties and ready compatibility with Si microelectronic technology, Si nanostructures are becoming one of the most important classes of nano semiconductors. Particularly, small-sized Si nanoparticles possess distinctive photoluminescence (PL), biocompatibility, and active surface properties. In this review, we focus on the synthesis and PL properties of small-sized Si nanoparticles and their potential applications in the fields of bioimaging and nanocatalysis. We further highlight major challenges and promises in this area.