Advances in wearable chemical sensor design for monitoring biological fluids

The state of the art and future challenges related to wearable chemical sensors are addressed within this review. Our attention is focused on the monitoring of biological fluids such as interstitial fluids, breath, sweat, saliva and tears, while aiming at the realization of miniaturized, non-invasive and low cost point of care systems. The development of such sensing devices is influenced by many factors and is usually addressed through the use of smart materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, poly ionic liquids, etc. These are seen as the pivotal steps towards the integration of chemical sensors within pervasive applications for personal health care. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.