期刊
NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
卷 7, 期 6, 页码 710-729出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.02.013
关键词
Upconversion; Rare earth; Luminescent materials; Nanomaterials; Biological detection
资金
- National Science Foundation of China [20875011]
- Education Committee of Liaoning Province of China
- US National Institutes of Health [R21EB009909-01A1, R03AR056848-01, R01HL092526-01A2]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-0847758, CBET-0854414, CBET-0854465]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH07-1-0572]
- Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology [HR06-161S]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [847758] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [0854414] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [0854465] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
New generation fluorophores, also termed upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), have the ability to convert near infrared radiations with lower energy into visible radiations with higher energy via a nonlinear optical process. Recently, these UCNPs have evolved as alternative fluorescent labels to traditional fluorophores, showing great potential for imaging and biodetection assays in both in vitro and in vivo applications. UCNPs exhibit unique luminescent properties, including high penetration depth into tissues, low background signals, large Stokes shifts, sharp emission bands, and high resistance to photobleaching, making UCNPs an attractive alternative source for overcoming current limitations in traditional fluorescent probes. In this article, we discuss the recent progress in the synthesis and surface modification of rare-earth doped UCNPs with a specific focus on their biological applications. From the Clinical Editor: Upconversion nanoparticles - a new generation of fluorophores - convert near infrared radiations into visible radiations via a nonlinear optical process. These UCNPs have evolved as alternative fluorescent labels with great potential for imaging and biodetection assays in both in vitro and in vivo applications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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