期刊
NANOMEDICINE
卷 6, 期 6, 页码 1027-1046出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.11.30
关键词
cytokine/chemokine; f-MLP; leukocytes; monocytes; NADPH-oxidase; ORMOSIL nanoparticles; PEGylation; PLGA nanoparticles; PMNs; SUV nanoparticles
资金
- European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 201031 NANOPHOTO]
- Fondazione Cariverona Bando
- University of Padova
Aims: We wanted to test the proinflammatory effects of vinyltriethoxysilane-based organically modified silica nanoparticles (ORMOSIL-NPs) in vitro on blood leukocytes. Materials & Methods: Cell selectivity, cytokines/chemokines and O-2-production were analyzed using nonpolyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated and PEGylated ORMOSIL-NPs, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-NPs and small unilamellar vesicles (SUV)-NPs. Results: ORMOSIL-NPs mostly bound to monocytes while other NPs to all leukocyte types similarly. Cell capture of PEGylated-NPs decreased strongly (ORMOSIL), moderately (PLGA) and weakly (SUV). Bare ORMOSIL-NPs effectively stimulated the production of IL-1 beta/IL-6/TNF-alpha/IL-8 by monocytes and of IL-8 by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). NP PEGylation inhibited such effects only partially. Formylmethionine-leucine phenylalanine (f-MLP) further increased the release of cytokines/chemokines by monocytes/PMNs primed with bare and PEGylated ORMOSIL-NPs. PEGylated SUV-NPs, bare and PEGylated ORMOSIL- and PLGA-NPs sensitize PMNs and monocytes to secrete O-2-upon f-MLP stimulation. Conclusion: ORMOSIL-NPs are preferentially captured by circulating monocytes but stimulate both monocytes and PMNs per se or by sensitizing them to another agonist (f-MLP). PEG-coating confers stealth effects but does not completely eliminate leukocyte activation. Safe nanomedical applications require the evaluation of both intrinsic and cooperative proinflammatory potential of NPs.
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