期刊
NANOMEDICINE
卷 4, 期 8, 页码 903-917出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/NNM.09.71
关键词
antiretroviral therapy; antiviral response; HIV; monocyte-derived macrophage; nanoART; nanoparticle
资金
- NIH [2R01 NS034239, 2R37 NS36126, P01 NS31492, P20RR 15635, P01MH64570, P01 NS43985]
- Baxter Healthcare
Background: Factors limiting the efficacy of conventional antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection include treatment adherence, pharmacokinetics and penetration into viral sanctuaries. These affect the rate of viral mutation and drug resistance. In attempts to bypass such limitations, nanoparticles containing ritonavir, indinavir and efavirenz (described as nanoART) were manufactured to assess macrophage-based drug delivery. Methods: NanoART were made by high-pressure homogenization of crystalline drug with various surfactants. Size, charge and shape of the nanoparticles were assessed. Monocyte-derived macrophage nanoART uptake, drug release, migration and cytotoxicity were determined. Drug levels were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Efficient monocyte-derived macrophage cytoplasmic vesicle uptake in less than 30 min based on size, charge and coating was observed. Antiretroviral drugs were released over 14 days and showed dose-dependent reduction in progeny virion production and HIV-1 p24 antigen. Cytotoxicities resulting from nanoART carriage were limited. Conclusion: These results support the continued development of macrophage-mediated nanoART carriage for HIV-1 disease.
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