期刊
NANOMEDICINE
卷 3, 期 5, 页码 703-717出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.5.703
关键词
clearance; excretion; kidney; liver; macromolecules; molecular imaging; nano-materials; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; toxicity
资金
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [ZIABC010654, ZIABC010714] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 CA999999, ZIA BC010657-05] Funding Source: Medline
Nanoparticles possess enormous potential as diagnostic imaging agents and hold promise for the development of multimodality agents with both imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Yet, some of the most promising nanoparticles demonstrate prolonged tissue retention and contain heavy metals. This presents serious concerns for toxicity. The creation of nanoparticles with optimal clearance characteristics will minimize toxicity risks by reducing the duration of exposure to these agents. Given that many nanoparticles possess easily modifiable surface and interior chemistry, if nanoparticle characteristics associated with optimal clearance from the body were well established, it would be feasible to design and create agents with more favorable clearance properties. This article presents a thorough discussion of the physiologic aspects of nanoparticle clearance, focusing on renal mechanisms, and provides an overview of current research investigating clearance of specific types of nanoparticles and nano-sized macromolecules, including dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes and carbon, gold and silica-based nanoparticles.
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