Flexible SnS nanobelts: Facile synthesis, formation mechanism and application in Li-ion batteries

[020]-oriented tin sulfide nanobelts with a length/thickness ratio of 100 have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method without any surfactants, and the nanobelts have shown good strain-accommodating properties as well as good electrochemical performance as the anode for Li-ion batteries. The formation of the nanobelts results from a precipitation-dissolution-transformation mechanism, and the [020] oriented growth can be ascribed to the {010} facet family having the lowest atomic density. In particular, SnS shows clear Li-Sn alloying/de-alloying reversible reactions in the potential range 0.1-1.0 V. Based on galvanostatic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, SnS nanobelts have shown impressive rate performance. The post-cycled SnS nanobelts were completely transformed into metallic tin, and preserved the one-dimensional structure due to their flexibility which accommodates the large volumetric expansion.