期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 14, 期 2, 页码 416-422出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl402747x
关键词
Natase TiO2; nanorods; carbon coating; intercalation; anode; sodium battery
类别
资金
- Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2011-0024683]
- Human Resources Development program of Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) [20124010203310]
- Korea government Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Korean government (MEST) [NRF-2009-C1AAA001-0093307]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0206CH11357]
- Vehicle Technologies Office, Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
- Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Postdoctoral Research Award under the EERE
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0093467, 22A20130012424, 2011-0024683] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
For the first time, we report the electrochemical activity of anatase TiO2 nanorods in a Na cell. The anatase TiO2 nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and their surfaces were coated by carbon to improve the electric conductivity through carbonization of pitch at 700 degrees C for 2 h in Ar flow. The resulting structure does not change before and after the carbon coating, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopic images confirm the presence of a carbon coating on the anatase TiO2 nanorods. In cell tests, anodes of bare and carbon-coated anatase TiO2 nanorods exhibit stable cycling performance and attain a capacity of about 172 and 193 mAh g(-1) on the first charge; respectively, in the voltage range of 3-0 V. With the help of the conductive carbon layers, the carbon-coated anatase TiO2 delivers more capacity at high rates, 104 mAh g(-1) at the 10 C-rate (3.3 A g(-1)), 82 mAh g(-1) at the 30 C-rate (10 A g(-1)), and 53 mAh g(-1) at the 100 C-rate (33 A g(-1)). By contrast, the anode of bare anatase TiO2 nanorods delivers only about 38 mAh g(-1) at the 10 C-rate (3.3 A g(-1)). The excellent cyclability and high-rate capability are the result of a Na+ insertion and extraction reaction into the host structure coupled with Ti4+/3+ redox reaction, as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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