期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 12, 期 12, 页码 6315-6321出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl303419n
关键词
Organic solar cell; interfacial layers; copper hexadecaphthalocyanine; nanowire; zinc oxide
类别
资金
- ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001059]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-08ER46536]
- NSF Center for Layered Polymeric Systems (CLiPS) [DMR-0423914]
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN)
- MEST/KOSEF
Zinc oxide is a promising candidate as an interfacial layer (IFL) in inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells due to the n-type semiconducting properties as well as chemical and environmental stability. Such ZnO layers collect electrons at the transparent electrode, typically indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the significant resistivity of ZnO IFLs and an energetic mismatch between the ZnO and the ITO layers hinder optimum charge collection. Here we report that inserting nanoscopic copper hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) layers, as thin films or nanowires, between the ITO anode and the ZnO IFL increases OPV performance by enhancing interfacial electron transport. In inverted P3HT:PC61BM cells, insertion of F16CuPc nanowires increases the short circuit current density (J(SC)) versus cells with only ZnO layers, yielding an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of similar to 3.6% vs similar to 3.0% for a control without the nanowire layer. Similar effects are observed for inverted PTB7:PC71BM cells where the PCE is increased from 8.1% to 8.6%. X-ray scattering, optical, and electrical measurements indicate that the performance enhancement is ascribable to both favorable alignment of the nanowire pi-pi stacking axes parallel to the photocurrent flow and to the increased interfacial layer-active layer contact area. These findings identify a promising strategy to enhance inverted OPV performance by inserting anisotropic nanostructures with pi-pi stacking aligned in the photocurrent flow direction.
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