4.8 Article

Stimulus-Responsive Light Coupling and Modulation with Nanofiber Waveguide Junctions

期刊

NANO LETTERS
卷 12, 期 4, 页码 1905-1911

出版社

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/nl2043024

关键词

Semiconductor nanowire; subwavelength waveguide; light modulation; evanescent field; sensor; nanophotonics

资金

  1. University of California
  2. Office of the President (UC-LFRP) [121229]
  3. University of California, San Diego

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We report a systematic study of light coupling at junctions of overlapping SnO2 nanofiber waveguides (WGs) as a function of gap separation and guided wavelength. The junctions were assembled on silica substrates using micromanipulation techniques and the gap separation was controlled by depositing thin self-assembled polyelectrolyte coatings at the fiber junctions. We demonstrate that the coupling efficiency is strongly dependent on the gap separation, showing strong fluctuations (0.1 dB/tam) in the power transfer when the separation between nanofibers changes by as little as 2 nm. Experimental results correlate well with numerical simulations using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain techniques. To demonstrate the feasibility of using coupled nanofiber WGs to modulate light, we encased the junctions in an environment-responsive matrix and exposed the junctions to gaseous vapor. The nanofiber junctions show an similar to 95% (or similar to 80%) modulation of the guided 450 nm (or 510 nm) light upon interaction with the gaseous molecules. The results reveal a unique nanofiber-based sensing scheme that does not require a change in the refractive index to detect stimuli, suggesting these structures could play important roles in localized sensing devices including force-based measurements or novel chemically induced light modulators.

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