High-Performance Graphene-Based Transparent Flexible Heaters

We demonstrate high-performance, flexible, transparent heaters based on large-scale graphene films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foils. After multiple transfers and chemical doping processes, the graphene films show sheet resistance as low as similar to 43 Olun/sq with similar to 89% optical transmittance, which are ideal as low-voltage transparent heaters. Time-dependent temperature profiles and heat distribution analyses show that the performance of graphene-based heaters is superior to that of conventional transparent heaters based on indium tin oxide. In addition, we confirmed that mechanical strain as high as similar to 4% did not substantially affect heater performance. Therefore, graphene-based, flexible, transparent heaters are expected to find uses in a broad range of applications, including automobile defogging/deicing systems and heatable smart windows.