Spectroscopy of Covalently Functionalized Graphene

In order to engineer a band gap into graphene. covalent bond-forming reactions can be used to change the hybridization of the graphitic atoms from sp(2) to sp(3), thereby modifying the conjugation length of the delocalized carbon lattice, similar side-wall chemistry has been shown to introduce a band gap into metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes Here we demonstrate that the application of such covalent bond-forming chemistry modifies the periodicity of the graphene network thereby introducing a band gap (similar to 0 4 eV), which is observable in the angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of aryl-functionalized graphene We further show that the chemically-induced changes can be detected by Raman spectroscopy. the in-plane vibrations of the conjugated pi-bonds exhibit characteristic Raman spectra and we find that the changes in D. G, and 2D-bands as a result of chemical functionalization of the graphene basal plane are quite distinct from that due to localized, physical defects in sp(2)-conjugated carbon