Updates on Protubera (Protophallaceae, Phallales) and additional notes on P. maracuja

Since the genus Protubera was erected in 1895 by Alfred Moller, fourteen species have been described in the genus, from tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the globe. Based on morphological, ecological and molecular data, we concluded that only six species ( P. borealis, P. jamaicensis, P. maracuja, P. nipponica, P. parvispora and P. sabulonensis) should be accepted in Protophallaceae. In this article we present an update of the genus from a morphological and phylogenetic perspective, including comments on the excluded and doubtful taxa, and a key for the accepted species. Additional morphological and ecological notes of P. maracuja, especially regarding features of peridium and substrata, as well as color photos, are presented. (C) 2013 The Mycological Society of Japan. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.