Phylogenetic affiliation of Choiromyces magnusii and C. venosus Tuberaceae Ascomycota) from Spain

The only two species of Choiromyces collected up to now in Spain, C. venosus and C. magnusii, were studied with both morphological and molecular methods. Phylogenetic inference of nrDNA ITS and LSU sequences showed that they should be considered independent species in the genus Choiromyces. Choiromyces venosus is a hypogeous fungus, infrequent but naturally present in the Iberian Peninsula, that is imported into Spain from central Europe without any indication of its origin or proper taxonomic identification. It is usually sold as highly-prized edible species of the genus Tuber such as T. magnatum. Choiromyces magnusii is a more frequent hypogeous fungus in Spain that is commercialized in spring on a local scale together with different species in the genus Terfezia. Additionally, the Australian species Reddellomyces westraliensis, which was introduced with Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations, is cited here for the first time in Spain and Europe.