New Nanofabrication Strategies: Inspired by Biomineralization

Nature produces a wide variety of exquisite mineralized tissues, fulfilling diverse functions. Organisms exercise a level of molecular control over the detailed nano- and microstructure of the biomaterials that is unparalleled in today's technology. Our understanding of the underlying design principles of biomaterials provides ample opportunities for developing new approaches to materials fabrication at the nanometer and micrometer scale. It is clear that valuable materials lessons can be taught by any organism. I will exemplify this point by describing new nano- and microfabrication strategies and devices that have been inspired by the studies of biomineralization in echinoderms. The topics will include self-assembly, control of crystallization, synthesis of adaptive optical structures, hybrid materials, and novel actuation systems at the nanoscale level.