期刊
MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW
卷 137, 期 12, 页码 4208-4224出版社
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/2009MWR2917.1
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation
- Natural Environment Research Council [ncas10009] Funding Source: researchfish
Alternative meshes of the sphere and adaptive mesh refinement could be immensely beneficial for weather and climate forecasts, but it is not clear how mesh refinement should be achieved. A finite-volume model that solves the shallow-water equations on any mesh of the surface of the sphere is presented. The accuracy and cost effectiveness of four quasi-uniform meshes of the sphere are compared: a cubed sphere, reduced latitude-longitude, hexagonal-icosahedral, and triangular-icosahedral. On some standard shallow-water tests, the hexagonal-icosahedral mesh performs best and the reduced latitude-longitude mesh performs well only when the flow is aligned with the mesh. The inclusion of a refined mesh over a disc-shaped region is achieved using either gradual Delaunay, gradual Voronoi, or abrupt 2: 1 block-structured refinement. These refined regions can actually degrade global accuracy, presumably because of changes in wave dispersion where the mesh is highly nonuniform. However, using gradual refinement to resolve a mountain in an otherwise coarse mesh can improve accuracy for the same cost. The model prognostic variables are height and momentum collocated at cell centers, and (to remove grid-scale oscillations of the A grid) the mass flux between cells is advanced from the old momentum using the momentum equation. Quadratic and upwind biased cubic differencing methods are used as explicit corrections to a fast implicit solution that uses linear differencing.
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