No evidence for Lyman α emission in spectroscopy of z > 7 candidate galaxies

We present Gemini/Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) spectroscopic observations of four z-band (z approximate to 7) dropout galaxies and Very Large Telescope (VLT)/XSHOOTER observations of one z-band dropout and three Y-band (z approximate to 8-9) dropout galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, which were selected with Wide Field Camera 3 imaging on the Hubble Space Telescope. We find no evidence of Lyman alpha emission with a typical 5 sigma sensitivity of 5 x 10(-18) erg cm(-2) s(-1), and use the upper limits on Lyman alpha flux and the broad-band magnitudes to constrain the rest-frame equivalent widths for this line emission. Accounting for incomplete spectral coverage, we survey 3.0 z-band dropouts and 2.9 Y-band dropouts to a Lyman alpha rest-frame equivalent width limit > 120 angstrom (for an unresolved emission line); for an equivalent width limit of 50 angstrom the effective numbers of drop-outs surveyed fall to 1.2 z-band drop-outs and 1.5 Y-band drop-outs. A simple model where the fraction of high rest-frame equivalent width emitters follows the trend seen at z = 3-6.5 is inconsistent with our non-detections at z = 7-9 at the approximate to 1 sigma level for spectrally unresolved lines, which may indicate that a significant neutral H I fraction in the intergalactic medium suppresses the Lyman alpha line in z-drop and Y-drop galaxies at z > 7.