An improved model for the dynamical evolution of dark matter subhaloes

Using an analytical model, we study the evolution of subhalo, including its mass, angular momentum and merging time-scale. This model considers the dominant processes governing subhalo evolution, such as dynamical friction, tidal stripping and tidal heating. We find that in order to best match the evolution of angular momentum measured from N-body simulation, mass stripping by tidal force should become inefficient after subhalo has experienced a few passages of pericentre. It is also found that the often used Coulomb logarithm ln M/m has to be revised to best fit the merging time-scales from simulation. Combining the analytical model with the extended Press-Schechter (EPS) based merger trees, we study the subhalo mass function, and their spatial distribution in a Milky Way (MW) type halo. By tuning the tidal stripping efficiency, we can gain a better match to the subhalo mass function from simulation. The predicted distribution of subhaloes is found to agree with the distribution of MW satellites, but is more concentrated than the simulation results. The radial distribution of subhaloes depends weakly on subhaloes mass at both present day and the time of accretion, but strongly on the accretion time. Using the improved model, we measure the second moment of the subhalo occupation distribution, and it agrees well with the results of Kravtsov et al. and Zheng et al.