期刊
MOLECULES AND CELLS
卷 30, 期 4, 页码 285-293出版社
KOREAN SOC MOLECULAR & CELLULAR BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0149-1
关键词
5 ' CITE; 5 ' UTRs; cap-dependent and cap-independent translation mechanisms; IRES elements; mammalian mRNAs; translation initiation
资金
- Russian Federation [MK-2564.2009.4]
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [08-04-00399]
During the last decade the concept of cellular IRES-elements has become predominant to explain the continued expression of specific proteins in eukaryotic cells under conditions when the cap-dependent translation initiation is inhibited. However, many cellular IRESs regarded as cornerstones of the concept, have been compromised by several recent works using a number of modern techniques. This review analyzes the sources of artifacts associated with identification of IRESs and describes a set of control experiments, which should be performed before concluding that a 5' UTR of eukaryotic mRNA does contain an IRES. Hallmarks of true IRES-elements as exemplified by well-documented IRESs of viral origin are presented. Analysis of existing reports allows us to conclude that there is a constant confusion of the cap-independent with the IRES-directed translation initiation. In fact, these two modes of translation initiation are not synonymous. We discuss here not numerous reports pointing to the existence of a cap-and IRES-independent scanning mechanism of translation initiation based on utilization of special RNA structures called cap-independent translational enhancers (CITE). We describe this mechanism and suggest it as an alternative to the concept of cellular IRESs.
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