期刊
MOLECULES
卷 14, 期 9, 页码 3446-3485出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules14093446
关键词
Alzheimer's disease; diabetes; erythropoietin; forkhead transcription factors; Wnt
资金
- American Diabetes Association
- American Heart Association (National)
- Bugher Foundation Award
- Janssen Neuroscience Award
- LEARN Foundation Award
- MI Life Sciences Challenge Award
- Nelson Foundation Award
- NIH NIEHS [P30 ES06639]
- NIH NIA
- NIH NINDS
Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B-3 (niacin), is changed to its mononucleotide compound with the enzyme nicotinic acide/nicotinamide adenylyltransferase, and participates in the cellular energy metabolism that directly impacts normal physiology. However, nicotinamide also influences oxidative stress and modulates multiple pathways tied to both cellular survival and death. During disorders that include immune system dysfunction, diabetes, and aging-related diseases, nicotinamide is a robust cytoprotectant that blocks cellular inflammatory cell activation, early apoptotic phosphatidylserine exposure, and late nuclear DNA degradation. Nicotinamide relies upon unique cellular pathways that involve forkhead transcription factors, sirtuins, protein kinase B (Akt), Bad, caspases, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase that may offer a fine line with determining cellular longevity, cell survival, and unwanted cancer progression. If one is cognizant of the these considerations, it becomes evident that nicotinamide holds great potential for multiple disease entities, but the development of new therapeutic strategies rests heavily upon the elucidation of the novel cellular pathways that nicotinamide closely governs.
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