期刊
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
卷 19, 期 8, 页码 910-914出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.162
关键词
depression; inflammation; metabolic health; meta-analysis; obesity
资金
- Academy of Finland [124322, 124271, 132944]
- BUPA Foundation, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) [K013351]
- US National Institutes of Health [R01HL036310, R01AG034454]
- Finnish Work Environment Fund
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Medical Research Council
- University of Edinburgh as part of the cross-council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing initiative
- British Heart Foundation [RE/10/005/28296]
- ESRC [ES/J023299/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MR/K013351/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Economic and Social Research Council [ES/J023299/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/K013351/1] Funding Source: researchfish
The hypothesis of metabolically healthy obesity posits that adverse health effects of obesity are largely avoided when obesity is accompanied by a favorable metabolic profile. We tested this hypothesis with depressive symptoms as the outcome using cross-sectional data on obesity, metabolic health and depressive symptoms. Data were extracted from eight studies and pooled for individual-participant meta-analysis with 30 337 men and women aged 15-105 years (mean age = 46.1). Clinic measures included height, weight and metabolic risk factors (high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high C-reactive protein and high glycated hemoglobin). Depressive symptoms were assessed using clinical interview or standardized rating scales. The pooled sample comprised 7673 (25%) obese participants (body mass index >= 30 kg m(-2)). Compared to all non-obese individuals, the OR for depressive symptoms was higher in metabolically unhealthy obese individuals with two or more metabolic risk factors (1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30, 1.61) and for metabolically healthy obese with <= 1 metabolic risk factor (1.19; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.37), adjusted for sex, age and race/ethnicity. Metabolically unhealthy obesity was associated with higher depression risk (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.45) compared with metabolically healthy obesity. These associations were consistent across studies with no evidence for heterogeneity in estimates (all l(2)-values < 4%). In conclusion, obese persons with a favorable metabolic profile have a slightly increased risk of depressive symptoms compared with non-obese, but the risk is greater when obesity is combined with an adverse metabolic profile. These findings suggest that metabolically healthy obesity is not a completely benign condition in relation to depression risk.
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