期刊
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
卷 15, 期 8, 页码 856-867出版社
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.20
关键词
epidemiology; irritability; major depressive disorder; National Comorbidity Survey Replication; adult
资金
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [U01-MH60220]
- National Institute of Drug Abuse
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation [044780]
- John WAlden Trust
- John D and Catherine T MacArthur Foundation
- Pfizer Foundation
- US Public Health Service [R13MH066849, R01-MH069864, R01 DA016558]
- Eli Lilly and Company
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Pan American Health Organization
- Abbott Laboratories
- Alkermes
- Aspect Medical Systems
- AstraZeneca
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
- Cephalon
- Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuticals
- Lichtwer Pharma GmbH
- Lorex Pharmaceuticals
- Novartis
- Organon Inc.
- PamLab LLC
- Pfizer Inc.
- Pharmavite
- Roche
- Sanofi-Synthelabo
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
Irritability is a diagnostic symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents but not in adults in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) systems. We explore the importance of irritability for subtyping adult DSM-IV MDD in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a national US adult household survey. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess prevalence of many DSM-IV disorders in the lifetime and in the year before interview (12-month prevalence). MDD was assessed conventionally (that is, requiring either persistent sadness or loss of interest), but with irritability included as one of the Criterion A symptoms. We also considered the possibility that irritability might be a diagnostic symptom of adult MDD (that is, detect cases who had neither sad mood nor loss of interest). Twelve-month MDD symptom severity was assessed with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and role impairment with the Sheehan Disability Scale. After excluding bipolar spectrum disorders, irritability during depressive episodes was reported by roughly half of respondents with lifetime DSM-IV MDD. Irritability in the absence of either sad mood or loss of interest, in comparison, was rare. Irritability in MDD was associated with early age of onset, lifetime persistence, comorbidity with anxiety and impulse-control disorders, fatigue and self-reproach during episodes, and disability. Irritability was especially common in MDD among respondents in the age range 18-44 and students. Further investigation is warranted of distinct family aggregation, risk factors and treatment response. Consideration should also be given to including irritability as a nondiagnostic symptom of adult MDD in DSM-V and ICD-11. Molecular Psychiatry (2010) 15, 856-867; doi: 10.1038/mp.2009.20; published online 10 March 2009
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