Dietary fat modifies the postprandial inflammatory state in subjects with metabolic syndrome: the LIPGENE study

Scope: Our aim was to investigate whether the inflammatory state associated to metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients is affected by diets with different fat quality and quantity. Methods and results: Seventy-five subjects from LIPGENE cohort were included in this feeding trial and randomly assigned to one of four diets: high saturated fatty acids (HSFA); high monounsaturated fatty acids (HMUFA) and two low-fat, high complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, supplemented with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LFHCC n-3) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. A postprandial fat challenge, reflecting the intervention dietary fat composition, was conducted post-intervention. The HMUFA diet significantly reduced postprandial nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kB) activity and the nuclear p65 protein levels relative to fasting values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a postprandial decrease in this protein with the HMUFA diet compared with the HSFA and LFHCC diets (p < 0.05). The postprandial response of inhibitory molecule from NF-kB mRNA levels increased with the HMUFA diet compared with the HSFA and LFHCC n-3 diets (p < 0.05). Postprandial tumor necrosis factor-alpha and Metalloproteinase 9 mRNA levels were also reduced after the HMUFA diet compared with the HSFA diet (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the long-term consumption of a healthy diet model with HMUFA attenuates the postprandial inflammatory state associated with MetS.