期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 514, 期 -, 页码 333-343出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.018
关键词
Drinking water quality; Escherichia coli; Thermotolerant coliform; Fecal indicator bacteria; Post-2015 sustainable development goals; Seasonality
资金
- WaterAid UK on behalf of the Water Working Group of the WHO/UNICEF JMP [5059265]
- WHO
Accounting for fecal contamination of drinking water sources is an important step in improving monitoring of global access to safe drinking water. Fecal contamination varies with tine while its monitoring is often infrequent. We sought to understand seasonal trends in fecal contamination to guide best practices to capture seasonal variation and ascertain the extent to which the results of a single sample may overestimate compliance with health guidelines. The findings from 22 studies from developing countries written in English and identified through a systematic review were analyzed. Fecal contamination in improved drinking water sources was shown to follow a statistically significant seasonal trend of greater contamination during the wet season (p < 0.001). This trend was consistent across fecal indicator bacteria, five source types, twelve Klippen-Geiger climate zones, and across both rural and urban areas. Guidance on seasonally representative water quality monitoring by the World Health Organization and national water quality agencies could lead to improved assessments of access to safe drinking water. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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