期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 23, 期 4, 页码 832-842出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.12639
关键词
calcareous grasslands; Dianthus carthusianorum; gene flow; Germany; landscape genetics; nuclear microsatellites; zoochory
资金
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discovery Grant)
- University of Toronto Connaught Fund (New Staff Matching Grant)
- National Council on Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT)
Directed dispersal by animal vectors has been found to have large effects on the structure and dynamics of plant populations adapted to frugivory. Yet, empirical data are lacking on the potential of directed dispersal by rotational grazing of domestic animals to mediate gene flow across the landscape. Here, we investigated the potential effect of large-flock shepherding on landscape-scale genetic structure in the calcareous grassland plant Dianthus carthusianorum, whose seeds lack morphological adaptations to dispersal to animals or wind. We found a significant pattern of genetic structure differentiating population within grazed patches of three nonoverlapping shepherding systems and populations of ungrazed patches. Among ungrazed patches, we found a strong and significant effect of isolation by distance (r=0.56). In contrast, genetic distance between grazed patches within the same herding system was unrelated to geographical distance but significantly related to distance along shepherding routes (r=0.44). This latter effect of connectivity along shepherding routes suggests that gene flow is spatially restricted occurring mostly between adjacent populations. While this study used nuclear markers that integrate gene flow by pollen and seed, the significant difference in the genetic structure between ungrazed patches and patches connected by large-flock shepherding indicates the potential of directed seed dispersal by sheep across the landscape.
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