期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 21, 期 10, 页码 2502-2518出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05512.x
关键词
Antarctica; crinoid; cryptic species; gene flow; haplotype diversity; refugia
资金
- French national research agency ('ANR') [07-BLAN-0213-01]
- French Polar Institute IPEV
- NSF Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems [ANT-1043749]
- Antarctic Science Career Development Bursary
- Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique
- Service de Systematique Moleculaire (SSM) at MNHN [USM 2700]
- Census of Antarctic Marine Life
- Marine Barcode of Life (MarBOL)
- Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB)
- Government of Canada through Genome Canada
- Ontario Genomics Institute [2008-OGI-ICI-03]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1043749] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Sampling at appropriate spatial scales in the Southern Ocean is logistically challenging and may influence estimates of diversity by missing intermediate representatives. With the assistance of sampling efforts especially influenced by the International Polar Year 2007 similar to 2008, we gathered nearly 1500 specimens of the crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis from around Antarctica. We used phylogeographic and phylogenetic tools to assess its genetic diversity, demographic history and evolutionary relationships. Six phylogroups (A similar to F) identified in an earlier study are corroborated here, with the addition of one new phylogroup (E2). All phylogroups are circumpolar, sympatric and eurybathic. The phylogeny of Promachocrinus phylogroups reveals two principal clades that may represent two different cryptic species with contrasting demographic histories. Genetic diversity indices vary dramatically within phylogroups, and within populations, suggesting multiple glacial refugia in the Southern Ocean: on the Kerguelen Plateau, in the East Weddell Sea and the South Shetland Islands (Atlantic sector), and on the East Antarctic continental shelf in the Dumont dUrville Sea and Ross Sea. The inferences of gene flow vary among the phylogroups, showing discordant spatial patterns. Phylogroup A is the only one found in the Sub-Antarctic region, although without evident connectivity between Bouvet and Kerguelen populations. The Scotia Arc region shows high levels of connectivity between populations in most of the phylogroups, and barriers to gene flow are evident in East Antarctica.
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