Characteristics of X- and Y-chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin gene and a PCR-based method for sex identification in red deer (Cervus elaphus)

The present study attempts to analyse sequences of the X- and Y-chromosome specific regions of the amelogenin (AMEL) gene in red deer. To this end, primers specific for each form of the gene (AMELX and AMELY) were designed based on bovine genomic sequences and the homologous regions of the genes were sequenced. The obtained sequence of AMELX gene showed high similarity with the corresponding region in cattle (91%) and humans (77%), but this similarity was slightly lower among AMELY genes and showed 87 and 73% of identical nucleotides, respectively. In addition, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the AMELX gene of the female red deer investigated. Comparative analysis of the homologous fragments of the red deer AMELX and AMELY genes confirmed the deletion of an AMELY gene fragment in relation to AMELX. Homology of both sequences was 82% of identical nucleotides in the coding region and 74% in 3' non-coding sequence. The sequences studied showed considerable similarity to homologous fragments of the human and bovine gene, but the structural differences observed lead us to design PCR-based method for sex identification in red deer, based on the presented sequences.