Dysferlin domain-containing proteins, Pex30p and Pex31p, localized to two compartments, control the number and size of oleate-induced peroxisomes in Pichia pastoris

Yarrowia lipolytica Pex23p and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pex30p, Pex31p, and Pex32p comprise a family of dysferlin domain-containing peroxins. We show that the deletion of their Pichia pastoris homologues, PEX30 and PEX31, does not affect the function or division of methanol-induced peroxisomes but results in fewer and enlarged, functional, oleate-induced peroxisomes. Synthesis of Pex30p is constitutive, whereas that of Pex31p is oleate-induced but at a much lower level relative to Pex30p. Pex30p interacts with Pex31p and is required for its stability. At steady state, both Pex30p and Pex31p exhibit a dual localization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peroxisomes. However, Pex30p is localized mostly to the ER, whereas Pex31p is predominantly on peroxisomes. Consistent with ER-to-peroxisome trafficking of these proteins, Pex30p accumulates on peroxisomes upon overexpression of Pex31p. Additionally, Pex31p colocalizes with Pex30p at the ER in pex19 Delta cells and can be chased from the ER to peroxisomes in a Pex19p-dependent manner. The dysferlin domains of Pex30p and Pex31p, which are dispensable for their interaction, stability, and subcellular localization, are essential for normal peroxisome number and size. The growth environment-specific role of these peroxins, their dual localization, and the function of their dysferlin domains provide novel insights into peroxisome morphogenesis.