期刊
SCIENCE
卷 347, 期 6222, 页码 629-632出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2433
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1206849]
- Function Accelerated nanoMaterial Engineering (FAME), one of six centers of Semiconductor Technology Advanced Research network (STARnet), a Semiconductor Research Corporation
- Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1206849] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Materials Research [1206849] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Modern microelectronic devices have nanoscale features that dissipate power nonuniformly, but fundamental physical limits frustrate efforts to detect the resulting temperature gradients. Contact thermometers disturb the temperature of a small system, while radiation thermometers struggle to beat the diffraction limit. Exploiting the same physics as Fahrenheit's glass-bulb thermometer, we mapped the thermal expansion of Joule-heated, 80-nanometer-thick aluminum wires by precisely measuring changes in density. With a scanning transmission electron microscope and electron energy loss spectroscopy, we quantified the local density via the energy of aluminum's bulk plasmon. Rescaling density to temperature yields maps with a statistical precision of 3 kelvin/hertz-1/2, an accuracy of 10%, and nanometer-scale resolution. Many common metals and semiconductors have sufficiently sharp plasmon resonances to serve as their own thermometers.
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