Proto-oncogene PIM-1 is a novel estrogen receptor target associating with high grade breast tumors

We searched ER alpha cistromes of MCF-7 breast cancer cells for previously unrecognized ER alpha targets and identified proto-oncogene PIM-1 as a novel potential target gene. We show that the expression of PIM-1 is induced in response to estradiol in MCF-7 cells and that the induction is mediated by ER alpha-regulated enhancers located distally upstream from the gene. In keeping with the growth-promoting role of the PIM-1, depletion of the PIM-1 attenuated the proliferation of the MCF-7 cells, which was paralleled with up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor CDKN1A and CDKN2B expression. Analysis of PIM-1 expression between invasive breast tumors and benign breast tissue samples showed that elevated PIM-1 expression is associated with malignancy and a higher tumor grade. In sum, identification of PIM-1 as an ER alpha target gene adds a novel potential mechanism by which estrogens can contribute to breast cancer cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.