期刊
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 355, 期 2, 页码 240-248出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.005
关键词
Thyroid; Thyroxine; Endocrine disrupters; EDC; Chemicals
资金
- Arvid Nilsson's Foundation
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- European Commission [QLK4-2002-0063]
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Danish Agency of Science, Technology and Innovation
In recent years, many studies of thyroid-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals have been published. Of special concern is the exposure of pregnant women and infants, as thyroid disruption of the developing organism may have deleterious effects on neurological outcome. Chemicals may exert thyroid effects through a variety of mechanisms of action, and some animal experiments and in vitro studies have focused on elucidating the mode of action of specific chemical compounds. Long-term human studies on effects of environmental chemicals on thyroid related outcomes such as growth and development are still lacking. The human exposure scenario with life long exposure to a vast mixture of chemicals in low doses and the large physiological variation in thyroid hormone levels between individuals render human studies very difficult. However, there is now reasonably firm evidence that PCBs have thyroid-disrupting effects, and there is emerging evidence that also phthalates, bisphenol A, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated chemicals may have thyroid disrupting properties. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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