期刊
MINI-REVIEWS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
卷 10, 期 4, 页码 321-334出版社
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1570193X113106660026
关键词
Antioxidants; cytotoxicity; drugs of abuse; mitochondria; monoamines; oxidative stress
资金
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [PEst-C/SAU/LA0001/2013-2014]
- COMPETE-Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade
- QREN
- European Union (FEDER- Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional)
- FCT [SFRH/BPD/34711/2007]
- POPH- Programa Operacional Potencial Humano
- European Union
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/34711/2007] Funding Source: FCT
Drug addiction is a public health and social burden. Presently, the most abused illicit substance is cannabis, followed by amphetamines, cocaine and opioids, with different prevalence in different countries. Several evidences support a role for oxidative stress in the toxicity induced by many drugs of abuse in different organs, such as the brain, heart, liver or kidneys. This leads to oxidation of important cellular macromolecules, and may culminate in cell dysfunction and death. In this review we describe the evidences for oxidative damage and depletion of antioxidants upon exposure to drugs of abuse, especially amphetamines, cocaine and opiates. We also discuss the sources of oxidative stress induced by drugs of abuse, including oxidative metabolism of drugs, oxidative metabolism of monoamines by monoamine oxidases or by auto-oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, microglial activation, inflammation, hyperthermia and the effects of drug interactions. These consolidate oxidative stress as a relevant mechanism contributing for the cytotoxicity of drugs of abuse and for behavioral changes associated with drug addiction.
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