期刊
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
卷 25, 期 -, 页码 79-89出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/sms.12437
关键词
Hyperthermia; thermoregulation; temperature; repeated-sprint ability; sprinting; accelerated runs; heat acclimatization; fatigue
Training and competition in major track-and-field events, and for many team or racquet sports, often require the completion of maximal sprints in hot (>30 degrees C) ambient conditions. Enhanced short-term (<30s) power output or single-sprint performance, resulting from transient heat exposure (muscle temperature rise), can be attributed to improved muscle contractility. Under heat stress, elevations in skin/core temperatures are associated with increased cardiovascular and metabolic loads in addition to decreasing voluntary muscle activation; there is also compelling evidence to suggest that large performance decrements occur when repeated-sprint exercise (consisting of brief recovery periods between sprints, usually <60s) is performed in hot compared with cool conditions. Conversely, poorer intermittent-sprint performance (recovery periods long enough to allow near complete recovery, usually 60-300s) in hotter conditions is solely observed when exercise induces marked hyperthermia (core temperature>39 degrees C). Here we also discuss strategies (heat acclimatization, precooling, hydration strategies) employed by sprint athletes to mitigate the negative influence of higher environmental temperatures.
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