Remaining useful life prediction of lithium batteries in calendar ageing for automotive applications

In this paper, a method for calendar ageing quantification of power batteries taking into account the State of Charge (SOC) and temperature (T) effects is presented. The main goal is the determination of the battery Remaining Useful Life (RUL). We focused on a single parameter identified from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests performed according to a specific protocol regarding thermal and electrical kinetics. This parameter refers to the impedance real-part at a defined frequency (0.1 Hz). It is used to identify the battery RUL The choice of this frequency is based on the analysis of the changes of the real-part plots with ageing. From these plots, we noticed that the greatest influence of the ageing is observed in the [0.1 Hz, 1 Hz] frequency range. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.