Determination of trace amounts of palladium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after ligandless-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

Ligandless dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (LL-DLLME) was successfully used as a sample preparation method prior flame atomic absorption determination of trace amount of palladium in water and standard samples. In the LL-DLLME method, carbon tetrachloride and ethanol were used as extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. Several factors that may be affected on the extraction process, such as extraction and disperser solvent, the volume of extraction and disperser solvent, pH of the aqueous solution and extraction time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 15.0 ng mL(-1) to 7.0 A mu g mL(-1) of palladium with R-2=0.9993 (n = 9) and detection limit was 1.4 ng mL(-1) based on 3S(b). The relative standard deviation of eight replicate determination of 2.0 mu g mL(-1) palladium was +/- 1.5%. The LL-DLLME method was applied to the separation and preconcentration of trace quantities of palladium prior to its determination in water and standard samples.