期刊
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
卷 77, 期 3, 页码 323-341出版社
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00063-12
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资金
- National Institutes of Health [R21 AI088298]
- NSF [1057871]
- Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1057871] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed fibers that mediate many functions in bacteria, including locomotion, adherence to host cells, DNA uptake (competence), and protein secretion and that can act as nanowires carrying electric current. T4P are composed of a polymerized protein, pilin, and their assembly apparatuses share protein homologs with type II secretion systems in eubacteria and the flagella of archaea. T4P are found throughout Gram-negative bacterial families and have been studied most extensively in certain model Gram-negative species. Recently, it was discovered that T4P systems are also widespread among Gram-positive species, in particular the clostridia. Since Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have many differences in cell wall architecture and other features, it is remarkable how similar the T4P core proteins are between these organisms, yet there are many key and interesting differences to be found as well. In this review, we compare the two T4P systems and identify and discuss the features they have in common and where they differ to provide a very broad-based view of T4P systems across all eubacterial species.
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