Current and Future Biotechnological Applications of Bacterial Phytases and Phytase-Producing Bacteria

Phytases are a group of enzymes capable of releasing phosphate from phytate, one of the most abundant forms of organic phosphate in the natural environment. Phytases can be found in many organisms; in bacteria, they are particularly described in gamma-protcobacteria. In recent years, bacterial phytases have been isolated, characterized and proposed as potential tools in biotechnology. Microbial phytases have been applied mainly to animal (swine and poultry) mid human foodstuffs in order to improve mineral bioavailability and food processing. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of bacterial phytases and phytase-producing bacteria, as well as their potential biotechnological applications, including new fields poorly explored, such as fish nutrition, environmental protection and plant nutrition. Despite the recognized importance in biotechnology, information oil bacterial phytases and phytase-producing bacteria is clearly