Virus interference. Did rhinoviruses activity hamper the progress of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Norway?

During summer and autumn 2009 Norway, like several other European countries, experienced an unexpected delay in the progress of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. It is considered whether interference with other respiratory viruses, in particular rhinoviruses, may have hampered the development of the influenza pandemic, and if interference phenomena are common in the development of outbreaks with epidemic viruses. If so, cytokines, in particular interferon, are the most probable executor of this effect. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.