A novel method for predicting variant selection during primary, secondary and tertiary twinning in titanium

The present paper proposes a novel method based on Schmid's law by introducing a calculation of Normalized Schmid factor as an indispensable criterion for predicting twin variant selection in commercially pure titanium. Through comparing the calculation with experimental results, this novel method is proved to be a more effective criterion than Schmid's law and the accuracy is about 90% during primary, secondary and tertiary twinning variant selection. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.