期刊
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
卷 330, 期 -, 页码 405-410出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.01.026
关键词
Work function; Transparent conducting oxides; Amorphous; TCO; Kelvin probe
类别
资金
- Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center (ANSER), an energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001059]
The work functions of various amorphous and crystalline transparent conducting oxides (TCO5) were measured using Kelvin probe. The films, made by pulsed laser deposition, exhibited varying work functions dependent on the composition and deposition parameters. Tin oxide showed the largest work functions of the oxides measured, while zinc oxide showed the lowest. Binary and ternary combinations of the basis TCOs showed intermediate work functions dependent on the endpoint components. Amorphous TCO5, important in OPV and other technological applications, exhibited similar work functions to their crystalline counterparts. UV/ozone treatment of TCOs temporarily increased the work function, consistent with proposed defect mechanisms associated with near-surface changes in carrier content and Fermi level. Finally, a method for facile adjustment of the work function of commercial TCOs by atomic layer deposition (ALD) capping layers was presented, illustrated by the growth of zinc oxide layers on commercial crystalline ITO films. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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