期刊
RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY
卷 166, 期 4, 页码 375-383出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.10.002
关键词
Clostridium difficile; Toxinogenesis; Metabolic regulation; Redox state; Stickland metabolism
类别
资金
- Institut Pasteur
- US National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R01GM042219]
Synthesis of the major toxin proteins of the diarrheal pathogen, Clostridium difficile, is dependent on the activity of TcdR, an initiation (sigma) factor of RNA polymerase. The synthesis of TcdR and the activation of toxin gene expression are responsive to multiple components in the bacterium's nutritional environment, such as the presence of certain sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids. This review summarizes current knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for repression of toxin synthesis when glucose or branched-chain amino acids or proline are in excess and the pathways that lead to synthesis of butyrate, an activator of toxin synthesis. The regulatory proteins implicated in these mechanisms also play key roles in modulating bacterial metabolic pathways, suggesting that C. difficile pathogenesis is intimately connected to the bacterium's metabolic state. (C) 2015 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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