In Vitro Study of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Fibrin Functionalized/Pristine Graphene Oxide for Bone Grafting

Fibrin functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) and graphene oxide (GO) were used as nucleation sites for the growth of hydroxyapatite (HA). The growth of HA on GO/FGO was done by wet precipitation method, and they were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Cytotoxicity was confirmed by reactive oxygen species assay and cell viability assay; alkaline phosphatase assay, alizarin red test, and protein expression studies showed that FGHA was an excellent composite for osteoblast cell growth and maturation. Alamar blue assay was used to study the enzymatically degraded cytocompatibility of enzymatically degraded components. Results proved that FGHA might be tried as an osteoinductive material, in orthopedic defects.